How pinball machines are made
A pinball machine has about 3,500 parts and 400 to 800 meters of wire, wired by hand.
- stations
- 7
- things upstream
- 66
- raw sources
- 21
- steps from the ground
- 9
The short version
A modern pinball machine is built from about 3,500 parts. Incoming parts are sample-inspected, and workers hand-make a wiring bundle that runs 400 to 800 meters. Cabinets get artwork decals applied with soapy water. Mechanisms are built and tested, mounted on a playfield, and the playfield drops into the cabinet for final testing.
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Inspect incoming parts
About 3,500 parts arrive for each machine. A sample of 20 percent is checked, such as drop targets fitted into a gauge, and a batch is rejected if 3 percent of the sample is defective.
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Build the wiring bundle
Workers hand-lay wire into a bundle of 400 to 800 meters in total length. It takes about 5 to 6 hours and every configuration is tested by hand.
400 to 800 meters of wire
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Apply the cabinet art
Decals go on the traditionally wooden cabinet. A worker sprays soapy water so the decal can slide into place, then squeegees out the moisture.
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Build the mechanisms
Gimmicks such as loops with strong magnets and toys are put together and tested separately. Circuit boards drive the playfield's lights and effects.
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Populate the playfield
On a rotating stand, workers bolt rails, ball guides, posts and mechanisms onto a playfield of plywood. The huge wiring bundle is then connected to LEDs, circuit boards, coils and switches.
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Test every coil
A computer diagnoses the machine and tells the technician what to fix. Coils, switches and lights are tested before the playfield is lowered into the cabinet.
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Install, check and ship
The playfield goes in the cabinet and is checked again. A display screen sits in the backbox on modern machines. The machine is then cleaned and shipped.
Worth repeating
- Coin-operated pinball began in the early 1930s with games like Baffle Ball and Ballyhoo.
- Flippers were first added in 1947, on Gottlieb's Humpty Dumpty.
- Stern Pinball claims 90 percent of the world pinball market, from one factory in suburban Chicago, and each machine takes about 30 hours to assemble.
Back to the ground
Follow every input upstream and pinball machine starts as these 21 raw sources.
Everything it is made of See it on the map
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Keep walking
Sources
- How are pinball machines made?
- Inside the world's largest pinball factory
- How Are Pinball Machines Built?
- Pinball
Cite this page: "How pinball machines are made." Assembly Line, 2026-11-03. https://assemblyline.org/make/pinball-machine